select date_trunc ('minute', created_at), -- or hour, day, week, month, year count(1) from users group by 1. Modified 10 years, 9 months ago. These SQL-standard functions all return values based on the start. The basic syntax of the DATE_TRUNC function is as shown below:In PostgreSQL, the date_trunc() function truncates a date/time value to a specified precision. This post will explain the usage of the DATE_TRUNC () function in Postgres. If you want to get the start of the current month, use date_trunc, eg: SELECT date_trunc('2013-01-12'); will return 2013-01-01. (Values of type date and time are cast automatically to timestamp or. The second one which use DATE_TRUNC will tranc any date to the first day of the month. PostgreSQL provides a number of functions that return values related to the current date and time. The function date_trunc is conceptually similar to the trunc function for numbers. The function date_trunc is conceptually similar to the trunc function for numbers. POSTGRESQL Course Bundle - 5 Courses in 1 | 1 Mock Test. date_trunc(text, timestamp) timestamp: Truncate to specified precision; see Section 9. 000000の場合3 Answers. SELECT date_trunc ('day', time), "PositionReport". How to truncate date in PostgreSQL? 4. 8) Postgres DATE_TRUNC() Function. They truncate all parts of the date up to kind which allows grouping or. 300) must add 10 minutes and collect all the line that are within this time interval, or , all records that are between 19:18:00. The below-provided functions retrieve the DateTime values along with the timezone information:. For example, if I have a table that looks like this. 600. In order to ignore seconds, you can use date_trunc () function. The second is more concise, but Postgres-specific. 300 and 19:28:00. Date/Time Functions and Operators. This query works except it does not return records for the dates (time_added) that bx_broker doesn't have data: select bx_broker as Broker, date_trunc ('day', time_added) as date, avg (bx_avgpxvsarrival) as AvgPr_vs_Arrival, avg (bx_avgpxvsoppvwapbpsblackrockasia) as. 2: date_trunc('hour', timestamp '2001-02-16 20:38:40') 2001-02-16 20:00:00. Isolating hour-of-day and day-of-week with EXTRACT function. I have TableA and it has a field of time_captured | timestamp without time zone | default now () It is being used to record when data was inserted into the table. I need it to return april 22. lead_id) as "# New Leads" from leads l where l. Relating to this question. You ae mixing Oracle syntax with Postgres (date_trunc()). I need it to be a postgresql DATE type so I can insert it into another table that expects a DATE value. Modified 1 year, 1 month ago. If you want just the date in the current time zone, cast to a date. Related: PostgreSQL: between with datetimeFor example: SELECT user_id FROM user_logs WHERE login_date >= '2014-02-01' AND login_date < '2014-03-01'. Date_Trunc varies parts of the date/time: century, year, month, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond,. The DATE_TRUNC() function is particularly useful for time series analysis to understand how a value changes over time. –I tried date_trunc which does not have the precision I need. PostgreSQL has the time zone name MET (UTS offset. 0 psql date_trunc issue. Basically this expression gives you the last day of the current quarter (provided that you remove the last closing parenthese, which otherwise is a syntax error). It is worth noting that the function list (table 9-27) doesn't mention date_trunc(text, interval) form of date_trunc, it only lists the date_trunc(text, timestamp) version. 2. Example. The trunc () function is a mathematical function present in PostgreSQL. You should be familiar with the background information on date/time data types from. 217k 25 25 gold badges 85 85 silver badges 136 136 bronze badges. I need it to return april 22. GROUP BY 1. 5. date_created)::date, 'Month YYYY') as "Month / Year", count (distinct l. date_trunc() in Postgres is the equivalent to trunc() for dates in Oracle - but it's not needed for date values in Postgres as a date does not contain a time part. DATE_TRUNC() is a function used to round or truncate a timestamp to the interval you need. I have a table partitioned per month (timestamp column). Sorted by: 89. This query, for example, works, but as soon as I try a left join with a different table there is a problem: select date_trunc ('month',created_at)::date as date , id as id from promo_code_uses order by date DESC; sounds like created_at is a standard field in many of your tables. To get a rounded result, add 30 seconds to the timestamp first, for example: select date_trunc('minute', now() + interval '30 second') This returns the nearest minute. SELECT to_char (date_trunc ('month', date), 'YYYY') AS year, to_char (date_trunc ('month', date), 'Mon') AS month, to_char (date_trunc ('month', date), 'MM') AS month_number, sum (duration) AS monthly_sum FROM timesheet GROUP BY date_trunc ('month', date); From a. created_at)) day when @timeinterval = 'year' then makedate (year (u. Forgive me if I am oversimplifying your question, but wouldn't a simple cast and date_trunc do the trick? SELECT date_trunc('second','2022-06-15T08:27:00. The start should be the first month of the current year, the stop is the current date with an interval of 1 month. DATE is an important data type that stores calendar dates in PostgreSQL. Any code developed for PL/Java and Java 8 or newer is strongly encouraged to use these types for date/time manipulations, for their much better fit to the PostgreSQL types. I need to query for a date like the one in my code, and in postgreSQL i found date_trunc to "cut off" unnecessary information from the date. (Values of type date and time are cast automatically, to timestamp or interval respectively. Modified 1 year, 7 months ago. but it's greatly complicated by the nature of your data. The most frequently used Postgres date functions and business scenarios where they come in handy: Rounding off timestamps with DATE_TRUNC function. The source must be a value expression of type timestamp, time, or interval. 0. , year, month, day, etc. The precision values are a subset of the field identifiers that can be used with the EXTRACT() and DATE_PART() functions. Introduction. This uses PostgreSQL’s date_trunc () function, along with some date arithmetic to return the results we want. ) field selects to which precision to truncate the input value. GMB GMB. These SQL-standard functions all return values based on. PostgreSQL is a powerful database and includes various functions for managing timestamps and date times. 在这个示例中，我们将日期列中的年份和月份分别截取为year和month，然后使用date_trunc. Date/Time Functions. CURRENT_TIMESTAMP関数 現在の日時を求める. guide Postgres has date_trunc which operates on timestamp or interval, and: Values of type date and time are cast automatically to timestamp or interval, respectively. You may create an overloaded TRUNC function in Postgresql. Delaying Execution. date_trunc('field', source) source is a value expression of type timestamp (values of type date and time are cast automatically). PostgreSQL Version: 9. It's not immutable because it depends on the sessions time zone setting. The date_trunc() function is used to truncate to specified precision. Date/Time Types Name Storage Size Description Low Value High Value Resolution timestamp [ ( p ) ] [ without time zone ] 8 bytes both date and time (no time. The idea is to convert timestamp to epoch, divide by interval desired in minutes then. The query is not bad, but you can simplify it. We have used the date_trunc function with the where clause to compare the date in PostgreSQL as follows. In Oracle, the MET time zone is DST aware and the UTC offset is +02:00:00. If I use it like ths: select trunc(now(),'MM'). Using the smart "trick" to extract the day part from the last date of the month, as demonstrated by Quassnoi. 31 shows the available functions for date/time value processing, with details appearing in the following subsections. Syntax. Summary: this tutorial shows you how to use the PostgreSQL date_trunc() function to truncate a timestamp or interval to a specified level of precision. 2: date_trunc('hour', timestamp '2001-02-16 20:38:40'). 9. PostgreSQL releases before 8. date) going over the. date_created) )AS DAY, this is my output 2013-02-04 00:00:00+00. Truncate a date in Postgres (latest version) 0. 1. PostgreSQL's date_trunc in mySQL. 9. Truncate datetime column in MySQL query. . Postgresql extract monthYear from a date to be compared. select cast (date_trunc ('month', current_date) as date) 2013-08-01. postgresql error: function date_trunc(unknown, text) does not exist LINE 1: SELECT DATE_TRUNC('day', "Date") AS __timestamp, ^ HINT: No function matches the given name and argument types. Follow. Integer division truncates. 2018 00:00:00In PostgreSQL, the DATE_BIN() function enables us to “bin” a timestamp into a given interval aligned with a specific origin. 日付や時刻を指定のところ（精度といいます）で切り捨てるには、 date_trunc関数 を使います。. 1. If you had a date and you wanted to truncate it to the hour, you could use: date_trunc ('hour', date) If you wanted to truncate to the day, you could use this:This query ran fine previously and on an interesting note, if I change the DB to Postgres 12, 13 or 14 the query also executes as expected. created_at) when @timeinterval = 'month' then u. Here is a function that mimics postgres' DATE_TRUNC contract using the DATE_FORMAT mysql function that @Charles has recommended above. Syntax. 1. Use the DATE_TRUNC() function if you want to retrieve a date or time with a specific precision from a PostgreSQL database. Ask Question Asked 1 year, 2 months ago. we are using Postgresql 9. Syntax. Example:The issue could either be rounding back to GMT during the ::DATE cast (within the query), could be similar casting due to the ` - interval '1 day'` part, or could potentially be caused during the 'printing' phase (e. This may be a bit sub-optimal, but it works. The following example illustrates how to use the CURRENT_TIME function with the precision set to 2: The CURRENT_TIME function can be used as the default value of TIME columns. *, (first_week + ( (date - first_week::date) / 14)*14 * interval '1 day')::date as biweek from (select t. date_created) )AS DAY, this is my output 2013-02-04 00:00:00+00. Introduction to the PostgreSQL DATE_PART function. Sorted by: 1. 3. In the above output, it shows the output like a day of the timestamp value but we can find the week number. 「2020-09-01」のようなdate型、またタイムスタンプ型の値から「2020」や「9」のように年のみ、月のみなど特定の単位の値だけ取り出したい場合がある。. created_at as timestamp) So your final query should be something like: SELECT (date_trunc ('day', CAST (transactions. I would like to change the date into month. I'm trying to create an index on the month and year of a date field (in 8. In order to group our orders by month, in PostgreSQL we'll use the date_trunc built-in function. The DATE_PART function can also be very useful. 5. 1: Date/Time Types. date_trunc always returns a timestamp, not a date. Also, you need to study the week in snowflake. 5. For formatting functions, refer to Section 9. It’s possible in Postgres to truncate or round a given timestamp to some given level of precision. We’ll use it for different. Its Java equivalent is: Instant. PostgreSQL releases before 8. date_trunc(text, timestamp) timestamp: Truncate to specified precision; see also Section 9. date_trunc ('day', TIMESTAMP '2001-02-16 20:38:40+00' AT TIME ZONE 'Australia/Sydney') HTH. These functions all follow a common calling convention: the first argument is the value to be. Current Date/Time. Syntax: DATE_PART (field, source) In the above syntax the field is an identifier that is used to set the field to extract the data from the source. Share. Pictorial Presentation of PostgreSQL DATE_PART() function. answered Aug 18, 2015 at 10:52. 这是 PostgreSQL date_trunc() 函数的语法： date_trunc ( field TEXT , source TIMESTAMP ) -> TIMESTAMP date_trunc ( field TEXT , source TIMESTAMPTZ , time_zone TEXT ) -> TIMESTAMPTZ date_trunc ( field TEXT , source INTERVAL ) -> INTERVAL However, date_trunc('day', created) is not equivalent to the other expressions, because it returns a timestamp value, not a date. e. We are also looking at upgrading to a newer version of Postgres but that is further out. Table 9. However, date_trunc('day', created) is not equivalent to the other expressions, because it returns a timestamp value, not a date. PostgreSQL Date Part Hour From Interval. Syntax: date_trunc ('datepart', field) The datepart argument in the above syntax is used to truncate one of the field ,below listed field type: millennium. There is no function you want, but as said in postgresql wiki you can define function for youself: CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION round_time_10m (TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE) RETURNS TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE AS $$ SELECT date_trunc ('hour', $1) + INTERVAL '10 min' * ROUND (date_part ('minute', $1) / 10. When storing a date value, PostgreSQL uses the yyyy-mm-dd format e. SELECT DATE_TRUNC ('month', month_date) FROM month_test GROUP BY. start }}'::timestamp) The result of that is a timestamp from which you can subtract the interval:. SELECT TRUNC(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) Postgresql. , and a timestamp. I'm trying to create quarterly average for player scores, however the default behaviour of postgres date_trunc('quarter', source) is that it starts first quarter with YYYY-01-01. The following illustrates the. Practical examples would include analyzing company’s quarterly. PostgreSQL provides a number of functions that return values related to the current date and time. A more specific answer is: where generated_time >= date_trunc ('hour', current_timestamp) and generated_time < date_trunc ('hour', current_timestamp) + interval '1 hour'. create function end_of_month(date) returns date as $$ select (date_trunc('month', $1) + interval '1 month' - interval '1 day')::date; $$ language 'sql' immutable strict; EDIT Postgres 11+ Pulling this out of the comments from @Gabriel , you can now combine interval expressions in one interval (which makes things a little shorter):SELECT the_date FROM date_trunc('day', timestamp with time zone '2001-01-1 00:00:00+0100') as the_date results to. 3. Functions but this works for my case. The result is 03 records. 662522'); date_trunc --------------------- 2022-05-16 12:00:00. extract() complies with the SQL standard, date_part() is a Postgres specific query. For example. It’s possible in Postgres to truncate or round a given timestamp to some given level of precision. You can use this for PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL database has a default time zone setting, the operating system’s time zone. 9. 29 illustrates the behaviors of the basic arithmetic operators ( +, *, etc. , hour, week, or month and. day::date FROM generate_series (timestamp '2004-03-07' , timestamp '2004-08-16' , interval '1 day') AS t (day); Additional date_trunc () is not needed. Date_trunc function timestamp truncated to a specific precision. These SQL-standard functions all return values based on the start. So from 2019-04-21 09:52:29 should become 2019-04-21 09:45:00 and 2019-04-21 09:52:30 should become 2019-04-21 10:00:00. The date_trunc() function is used to truncate to specified precision. ). ). the Use of the DATE_TRUNC () Function in PostgreSQL. ac. The documentation shows following usage example: SELECT date_trunc('hour', TIMESTAMP '2001-02-16 20:38:40'); Result: 2001-02-16 20:00:00 So I thougt this should work:시간값 내림: DATE_TRUNC. Fiddle with your system until. start_date) <= DATE_TRUNC ('day', q. com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane. WW truncates date to the nearest previous day same to the first day of week of the year. Follow. I'm trying to create what should be a super simple line chart showing the avg annual. Expected output format:EXTRACT関数 日付値から任意の日付要素を求める. Add date_bin function Similar to date_trunc, but allows binning by an arbitrary interval rather than just full units. CREATE FUNCTION TRUNC ( dttm TIMESTAMP ) RETURNS TIMESTAMP AS $$ SELECT DATE_TRUNC('DAY',$1); $$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE; select TRUNC(NOW()::timestamp); 12. Thanks, but just for your own sake, you should maybe consider making use of Hibernate APIs if you want to get the best out of your ORM. 26 lists them. naylor@enterprisedb. This can be broken down into 4 steps: Take the current timestamp with time zone: now () Get the according local timestamp without time zone for New York: now () AT TIME ZONE 'America/New_York'. The DATE_TRUNC () function is used to truncate a date, time, or timestamp to a specified interval, such as the day, week, or month, in PostgreSQL and SQL Server. H2 and Postgres share the date_trunc function. For instance, the “BETWEEN” clause, the “DATE_TRUNC()” function, and the basic comparison operators like “=”, “!=”, “>=” etc. 0. These SQL-standard functions all return values based on. 9. It's best explained by example: date_trunc('hour',TIMESTAMP '2001-02. The first day of a week (for format element 'week') is defined by the parameter NLS_FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK (also see ALTER SESSION and ALTER SYSTEM ). Its type is timestamp without time zone. I have a table with a date field in timestamp format (ex: 2016-11-01 00:00:00). 1) 2. AND (date_trunc( 'day', current_timestamp AT TIME ZONE 'America/Santo_Domingo' ) AT TIME ZONE 'America/Santo_Domingo') +. Example of grouping sales from orders by month: select SUM(amount) as sales, date_trunc('month', created_at) as date from orders group by. Truncate to specified precision; see Section 9. 9. 例1：now()=2023-04-18 00:00:00. end_date) >= DATE_TRUNC ('day', q. Truncation means setting specific parts of the date or time to zero or a default value while keeping the more significant parts unchanged. milliseconds. now (). date_trunc () The return type of the date_trunc function is a timestamp. MySQL- Truncating Date-Time in a query. How to use the PostgreSQL Date Function: Date_Trunc. Postgres has lots of functions for interval and overlap so you can look at data that intersects. These are logically equivalent to Trunc('date_field', kind). PostgreSQL group timestamp by date and truncate time. date_trunc(field, source [, time_zone ]) source is a value expression of type timestamp, timestamp with time zone, or interval. 6. create table foo ( first_of_month date not null check (extract (day from first_of_month) = 1) ); insert into foo (first_of_month) values ('2015-01-01. My current work around is to map date_trunc as a function and explicitly call it but it seems odd to have to do that. 3 . Its return type is TIMESTAMP with TIMEZONE. date_trunc ( text, timestamp) → timestamp. As you don't want to include rows from "this" month, you also need to add a condition for that. decade. Translate to PostgreSQL generate_series #2144. The query worked fine in principle so I'm trying to integrate it in Java. I've tried the. E. 文章浏览阅读9. date_trunc. The syntax for the function is DATE_TRUNC('datepart', timestamp), seems you need to use as DATE_TRUNC('month', session_utc)(this already truncates to the first date of April 2019 i. Table 9. 31 illustrates the behaviors of the basic arithmetic operators ( +, *, etc. Follow answered Feb 26, 2018 at 23:30. Pictorial Presentation of PostgreSQL DATE_TRUNC() function. date_trunc(text, timestamp) timestamp: Truncate to specified precision; see also Section 9. The PostgreSQL LOCALTIME function returns the current time at which the current transaction starts. ts BETWEEN a AND b is just a shorthand for writing ts >= a and ts <= b. See full list on database. SELECT CODE, to_char (DATE, 'YYYY-MM'), count (CODE) FROM employee where group by CODE, to_char (DATE, 'YYYY-MM') Depending on whether you want the result as text or a date, you can also write it like this: SELECT CODE, date_trunc ('month', DATE), COUNT (*) FROM employee GROUP BY CODE, date_trunc ('month', DATE); Which in your. 0. In your example, you could use: SELECT * FROM myTable WHERE date_trunc('day', dt) = 'YYYY-MM-DD'; If you are running this query regularly, it is possible to create an index using the date_trunc function as well: CURRENT_DATE: DATE: Return the current date: CURRENT_TIME: TIMESTAMPTZ: Return the current time: CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: TIMESTAMPTZ: Return the current date and time with time zone at which the current transaction starts: DATE_PART: DOUBLE PRECISION: Get a field of a timestamp or an interval e. So using date_trunc('week',now())-'1 s'::interval; on the right side of your date operator should work. The syntax of the function is as follows: DATE_TRUNC ('precision', expression); where expression is a timestamp or an interval to truncate. In Postgresql, date_trunc is used to extract and truncate the specific datepart ( level of precision ) of the date and time like second, minutes, hour, week, etc that is based on timestamp or interval. dateoftransfer::date)::Date from table_withdates; --returns 2005-10-01. date) AND DATE_TRUNC ('day', c. date_trunc. Update. You cannot use the date_part of week when using DATE_TRUNC on an INTERVAL. The date_trunc function truncates a TIMESTAMP or an INTERVAL value based on a specified date part e. The problem is date_trunc('week', datetime_column) function considers Monday as the week start day and some of my customers user different start day in calendar (like Saturday). DATE_TRUNC() will return an interval or timestamp rather than a number. To get the latest date per category and month, simply group by both. It's bad practice but you might be forgiven if you use. date_trunc ( text, timestamp) → timestamp. But it can be a bit simpler / faster: SELECT extract (days. select interval_date_trunc(interval '6 hours', start_date) as running_6h, count(*) from t group by running_6h; The function can be used in other cases of running interval aggregation too. postgres sql, date_trunc without extra zeroes. ex: between 2013-04-07 15:30:00, 2013-04-07 15:40:00 5 results. ). The query will return a result with a single column labeled “uptime” that represents the duration of the PostgreSQL database server’s uptime. Very unlikely to change though. PostgreSQL's date_trunc in mySQL. g. Ask Question Asked 11 years, 7 months ago. How to update a part of a timestamp field in postgres? 0. Truncate a date in Postgres (latest version) 1. to the beginning of the month, year or hour. Here's the best GROUP BY query I have so far: SELECT d. The following illustrates the syntax of the PostgreSQL TRUNC() function:. 0 did not follow the conventional numbering of millennia, but just returned the year field divided by 1000. table t Returns. g. Users coming from Oracle will recognize this one. PostgreSQL: Greatest will return the largest non-null expression, or null if all expressions are null. Get the first date of an ISO 8601 year and week. In the following example, you must migrate an Oracle database (DB time zone MET) to a PostgreSQL database, in which the application code uses SYSDATE. Current Date/Time. SELECT date_trunc('day', "extras"->>'sent') AS date , count(*) AS "value" FROM "document" GROUP BY 1. Getting the first day is easy and can be done with date_trunc. 7. Now, let us see the Date/Time operators and Functions. Consequently, the timestamp will be rounded/truncated based on the specified date field. – zhrist. Finally, it returns the truncated part with a specific precision level. If you want a date/time value (=timestamp) where the time part is 00:00:00 then you can use current_date::timestamp or date_trunc('day', current_timestamp). SELECT * FROM Conference WHERE date_start >= date_trunc ('month', current_date - interval '1' month) and date_start <. Friday afternoon and I'm fried. SELECT date_trunc ('month', cast (my_date as timestamp)) FROM my_table. getCriteriaBuilder (); CriteriaQuery<Date> query = cb. The syntax of the function is as follows: DATE_TRUNC ('precision', expression); where expression is a timestamp or an interval to truncate. date_trunc () truncates (leaves seconds unchanged) - which is often what you really want: Note that timestamp (0) and timestamptz (0) will round rather than truncate. postgres=# SELECT to_char(CURRENT_DATE, 'YYYYMMDD')::integer; ┌──────────┐ │ to_char │ ╞══════════╡ │ 20190718 │ └──────────┘ (1 row) But I have to say, so working with this representation of date is strange and unhappy. date_trunc('month', '{{ date. 19, earlier I have made the following Query. only date_trunc(text,interval) and date_trunc(text,timestamp) are immutable. PostgreSQL provides a number of functions that return values related to the current date and time. 9. The first removes the hours and smaller units from the timestamp, but still returns a timestamp, while the latter returns the timestamp cast to a date. Share. extract関数の場合は、extract (month from request_time)という書き方だったが、date_trunc関数ではmonthをシングルクォーテーションで囲む必要がある。. The DATE_TRUNC() function is particularly useful for time series analysis to understand how a value changes over time. source is a value expression of type timestamp or interval. This function truncates a date/time value to a specified precision. : select date_trunc_interval('15 minutes', timestamp '2020-02-16 20:48:40'); date_trunc_interval ----- 2020-02-16 20:45:00 (1 row) With this addition, it might be possible to turn the existing. Postgres: Update date and retain time from timestamp. Explore options like 'second', 'minute', 'hour', 'day', or 'month' to tailor your data analysis. g. Definition of PostgreSQL Trunc () PostgreSQL’s trunc () function is used to truncate the decimal places to a certain precision. One way to do this is to "truncate" the date to the start of the month, then add 8 days: vardate := date_trunc ('month', vardate)::date + 8; date_trunc returns a timestamp that's why the cast ::date is needed. For. date_trunc() Examples. Date/Time Input. e. 2: date_trunc('hour', timestamp '2001-02-16 20:38:40') 2001-02-16 20:00:00:. 8. The basic syntax of the DATE_TRUNC function is as shown below: DATE_TRUNC(precision, source);. 4. 2: date_trunc('hour', timestamp '2001-02-16 20:38:40') 2001-02-16 20:00:00. You might need to add explicit type casts. Table 9. The trunc () function is used for truncating numbers, not dates. 2. Functions and Operators. 6. 1 Answer Sorted by: 2 They both do very different things. create index on test (date_trunc('month', foo::timestamp )); the problem with foo at time zone 'GMT' is that the expression foo at time zone 'GMT' is not itself immutable. In your example, you could use: SELECT * FROM myTable WHERE date_trunc('day', dt) = 'YYYY-MM-DD'; If you are running this query regularly, it is possible to create an index using the date_trunc function as well:CURRENT_DATE: DATE: Return the current date: CURRENT_TIME: TIMESTAMPTZ: Return the current time: CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: TIMESTAMPTZ: Return the current date and time with time zone at which the current transaction starts: DATE_PART: DOUBLE PRECISION: Get a field of a timestamp or an interval e. 9. start_date) <= DATE_TRUNC ('day', q.